Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP): It provides IP address to client machines those who are members of the domain. Some of the steps have to be following for this process. The steps are DISCOVER, OFFER, REQUEST, ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.
DISCOVER: Client machine sends broadcast packet to discover the DHCP server in network by using TCP/IP. By using source address as 0.0.0.0 and destination address as 255.255.255.255.
OFFER: DHCP SERVER offers pool of valid IP address to client machine. It sends packet contains IP address, lease period, default gateway. Default lease period of IP address is eight days. Renew IP address from DHCP SERVER after lease period got over.
REQUEST: Client machine requests the particular IP address from the DHCP SERVER by sending request packet. By default, client machine selects first IP address from the pool provided by DHCP SERVER.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT: Once client machine selected IP address, DHCP SERVER acknowledged the requested IP address. It sends ACK packet to the client machine. If DHCP SERVER could not able to provide those requested IP address then it sends NACK packet (Negative Acknowledgement).
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT DHCP SERVER: DHCP RELAY AGENT concept is used for providing IP address to client machine in different network. It is way to reduce using more DHCP SERVER in different networks. DHCP RELAY AGENT SERVER receives broadcast packet from client machine those who wants IP address. Then DHCP RELAY AGENT SERVER sends packet to DHCP SERVER located in different network by using uni cast. Router does not support broadcast. DHCP SERVER acknowledges the packet sent by DHCP RELAY AGENT through uni cast. DHCP RELAY AGENT sends broadcast packet to client machine those which received packet from DHCP SERVER.
Tags: DHCP, DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), server, Server 2003
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